SERVICES

Our DNA banking and profiling services allow individuals to prepare for the future by preserving their genetic information. Our DNA profiling service allows individuals to obtain a record of their genetic profile—a unique combination of locations found in their DNA that serves as a permanent genetic ID

DNA Identifica Identification DNA Profiling

Our DNA banking and profiling services allow individuals to prepare for the future by preserving their genetic information. Our DNA profiling service allows individuals to obtain a record of their genetic profile—a unique combination of locations found in their DNA that serves as a permanent genetic ID. Clients receive a typing report that lists their allele sizes at each DNA locus. Clients may use these services for several purposes: To protect against illegitimate claims on an individual’s estate To provide a standard for comparison and identification of people in high-risk professions, such as men and women in the military or law enforcement Chain-of-Custody Requirements Chain-of-custody requirements must be fulfilled for test results to be defensible in any legal situation, such as inheritance disputes. These requirements include the following: The individuals tested are positively identified (i.e., they present a government-issued ID to be photocopied and/or they are photographed and fingerprinted) A standard DDC kit is used Each party completes and signs a Client Identification and Consent Form Guardianship of tested minor must be verified at the time of signing consent Guardianship of tested minor must be verified at the time of signing consent The kit may not be in the possession of the clients prior to or after being collected Non-Chain-of-Custody Requirements In a non-chain-of-custody situation, samples are collected by the patients themselves. Results of testing on the DNA samples are for personal reasons only and may not be used for legal purposes A DNA Banking Kit (containing buccal swabs) must be used, and is for self-collection by the patients themselves, at a time and place of their choosing Each party completes and signs a Client Identification and Consent Form for DNA Banking (Non-Chain) A unique barcode is assigned to each kit appears on the report as a reference for the case Barcoded kits are assigned to your account for easy reference

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Infidelity DNA Detection Test

What needs to be tested? Clients receive a typing report that lists their allele sizes at each DNA locus. Clients may use these services for several purposes: Undergarment or another personal item Buccal swab reference sample TURNAROUND TIME 10 Days Non-Chain-of-Custody Requirements In a non-chain-of-custody situation, samples are collected by the patients themselves. Results of testing on the DNA samples are for personal reasons only and may not be used for legal purposes Personal Item(s) should be sent in a paper bag. The use of a plastic bag could lead to mold growth, which degrades DNA. Sample should be marked in the areas that need to be tested Items will be cut and processed in the laboratory. If returned to customer, they should be notified that they will not be returned in the original condition. Standard Detection This test detects whether a standard DNA profile is present Results indicate whether there is enough useable DNA for a comparison to a reference sample (buccal swab) This test should be selected if looking for any DNA, male and/or female This test does not include the comparison of the DNA Profile to the reference sample (See DNA Comparison Test) Y Chromosome Detection This test detects whether male DNA is present and will not detect any female DNA Results indicate whether there is enough useable male DNA for a comparison to a reference sample (buccal swab) We may not be able to distinguish the male DNA from those of other male biological relatives (brothers, fathers, grandfathers, uncles or male cousins). YSTR profiles are identical in males of the same paternal lineage. This test does not include the comparison of the DNA Profile to the reference sample (See DNA Comparison Test)

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Lifestyle GPS Origins

Using a DNA sample provided through a simple cheek swab, our laboratory tests more than 80,000 unique genetic markers. Cross-checking that information across dozens of gene pools and more than 1,000 reference populations. This can help answer questions about a family’s history, and shed light on the origins of certain family traits. This advanced autosomal test is so targeted, it may even indicate the town or village where groups of ancestors from different cultures met—building a vibrant picture of the migration journeys that formed a deep genealogical heritage. New ancestral tracking technique pinpoints genetic genealogy 80,000 autosomal genetic markers tested, 1,000+ reference populations and 41 gene pools analyzed Simple and painless cheek swab to collect DNA sample DNA is NOT sent to a third-party lab TURNAROUND TIME - 30 Days Selling GPS Origins Use any current stock of GPS Origins kits you have on hand If needed, remove swab envelopes from the cardboard sleeve to avoid confusion on registering and paying on HomeDNA.com Test results will be provided ONLINE only. This is a dynamic report, therefore, there is no PDF document to send. Example report is listed below and can be found by clicking the VIEW CASE button on the CASE STATUS page. Results are available in 30 business days Benefits of GPS Origins® The first and best DNA test with bio-geographical targeting capability to the town or village level Identifies when and where DNA was formed by matching the populations that came together to create a genetic line Traces the migration route of both maternal and paternal lineages, showing the last three (3) locations where a DNA signature underwent significant changes Provides detailed stories helping to explain DNA mixture events such as wars, famines, and migrations Developed by a leading population geneticist from the University of Sheffield in England Test Results Include: Example report can be found at: GPS Origins Sample Report Dynamic online experience featuring an interactive map, allowing you to zoom into GPS pinpoints—revealing towns and cities Online results feature: Maps of the top three ancestral origins (the gene pools or ancestral communities that contributed to significant portions of the genetic makeup) along with the percentages of DNA inherited from each A comprehensive gene-pool profile with DNA percentages that goes well beyond basic ethnicity tests A detailed map illustrating maternal and paternal migration journeys with descriptions on how an ancestors' circumstances may have changed as they crossed territories and continents to find better lives

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Lifestyle Maternal Lineage

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is passed down from mother to child relatively unchanged through several generations. Our mtDNA contains markers that can be traced to our early ancestors and where they settled thousands of years ago. mtDNA is: Our mtDNA contains markers that can be traced to our early ancestors and where they settled thousands of years ago. mtDNA is: Only passed through the mother. During fertilization, only nuclear DNA from the sperm enters the cell; thus the father does not make any contribution to the mitochondrial DNA Abundant in number. While your nuclear chromosomes are only found in two copies per cell, one from your mother and one from your father, mtDNA is found much more abundantly—anywhere between hundreds to thousands of copies per cell TURNAROUND TIME 10 Days Test Results Include: Results of a maternal lineage test are expressed in terms of haplogroups—genetic groups of people who share the same set of DNA markers and can be traced to a certain geographic area that they settled at a particular point in human history. Personalized Certificate PDF: Displays the haplogroup designation and map showing the ancestors' journey and where they initially settled in the old world. There are three possible areas in our mtDNA that can be tested:

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Paternity Maternity Test

What needs to be tested? One (1) Alleged Mother (AM) and one (1) Child TURNAROUND TIME Five (5) business days from receipt of all samples Chain-of-Custody Requirements Chain-of-custody requirements must be fulfilled for test results to be defensible in any legal situation, such as inheritance disputes. These requirements include the following: Samples are collected by a neutral third party, such as a clinic or laboratory The individuals tested are positively identified (i.e., They present a government-issued ID to be photocopied and/or they are photographed) A standard DNA Lab Center kit is used Each party completes and signs a Client Identification and Consent Form Guardianship of tested minor must be verified at the time of signing consent The kit may not be in the possession of the clients prior to, or after, being collected Non-Chain-of-Custody Requirements In a non-chain-of-custody test, samples are collected by the patients themselves. Results of this test are for personal knowledge only and may not be used for legal purposes. An in-home kit is used, and buccal samples can be collected by the patients themselves at a time and place of their choosing Since the origin of the samples cannot be verified, names are listed on the report the same way they are labelled on the samples A unique barcode is assigned to each kit and appears on the report as a reference for the case Barcoded kits are assigned to your account for easy reference

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Peekaboo Gender

What needs to be tested? Clients receive a typing report that lists their allele sizes at each DNA locus. Clients may use these services for several purposes: Undergarment or another personal item Buccal swab reference sample TURNAROUND TIME 10 Days Non-Chain-of-Custody Requirements In a non-chain-of-custody situation, samples are collected by the patients themselves. Results of testing on the DNA samples are for personal reasons only and may not be used for legal purposes Personal Item(s) should be sent in a paper bag. The use of a plastic bag could lead to mold growth, which degrades DNA. Sample should be marked in the areas that need to be tested Items will be cut and processed in the laboratory. If returned to customer, they should be notified that they will not be returned in the original condition. Standard Detection This test detects whether a standard DNA profile is present Results indicate whether there is enough useable DNA for a comparison to a reference sample (buccal swab) This test should be selected if looking for any DNA, male and/or female This test does not include the comparison of the DNA Profile to the reference sample (See DNA Comparison Test) Y Chromosome Detection This test detects whether male DNA is present and will not detect any female DNA Results indicate whether there is enough useable male DNA for a comparison to a reference sample (buccal swab) We may not be able to distinguish the male DNA from those of other male biological relatives (brothers, fathers, grandfathers, uncles or male cousins). YSTR profiles are identical in males of the same paternal lineage. This test does not include the comparison of the DNA Profile to the reference sample (See DNA Comparison Test)

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Relationship Avuncular Test

An avuncular test is performed to determine if two individuals are related to each other as an aunt–nephew (or niece) or as uncle-nephew (or niece). WHO NEEDS TO BE TESTED? One (1) Mother, one (1) Child and one (1) Full Sibling (FS) of the deceased or missing Alleged Father (AF) TURNAROUND TIME Five (5) business days from receipt of all samples Collection Requirements Chain-of-custody requirements must be fulfilled for test results to be defensible in any legal situation, such as inheritance disputes. These requirements include the following: Samples are collected by a neutral third party, such as a clinic or laboratory The individuals tested are positively identified (i.e., they present a government-issued ID to be photocopied and/or they are photographed and fingerprinted) A standard DNA kit is used Each party completes and signs a Client Identification and Consent Form Guardianship of tested minor must be verified at the time of signing consent The kit may not be in the possession of the clients prior to or after being collected Non-Chain-of-Custody Requirements This test is only available as a non-chain-of-custody test through Beta Genetics. Results of this test are for personal knowledge only and may not be used for legal purposes. An in-home kit is used, and buccal samples can be collected by the patients themselves at a time and place of their choosing Since the origin of the samples cannot be verified, names are listed on the report in the same way they are labeled on the samples A unique barcode is assigned to each kit and appear on the report as a reference for the case Barcoded kits are assigned to your account for easy reference Notes The avuncular testing option should be discussed if the alleged father is deceased or unavailable, and post-mortem, grand parentage, or reconstruction testing cannot be performed Generally speaking, biological relationship testing such as genetic reconstruction and siblingship testing is not as definitive as DNA parentage testing. It is not possible to determine with absolute certainty whether two people are siblings or biologically related in some way other than the parent-child relationship. We can only test for whether they are more or less likely to be related Avuncular testing will provide a likelihood that the individuals tested are more likely, or less likely, to be related as Aunt/Niece, Uncle/Nephew, etc, and a Combined Related Index is provided for the relationship being tested

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Relationship Genetic Reconstruction Test

Samples are collected by a neutral third party, such as a clinic or laboratory The individuals tested are positively identified (i.e., they present a government-issued ID to be photocopied and/or they are photographed and fingerprinted) A standard DNA kit is used Each party completes and signs a Client Identification and Consent Form Guardianship of tested minor must be verified at the time of signing consent The kit may not be in the possession of the clients prior to or after being collected Non-Chain-of-Custody Requirements In a non-chain of custody test, samples are collected by the patients themselves. Results of this test are for personal knowledge only and may not be used for legal purposes. An in-home kit is used, and buccal samples can be collected by the patients themselves at a time and place of their choosing Since the origin of the samples cannot be verified, names are listed on the report in the same way they are labeled on the samples A unique barcode is assigned to each kit and appears on the report as a reference for the case Barcoded kits are assigned to your account for easy reference Notes There are several different scenarios for genetic reconstruction. An ideal situation would be to test the mother, child, one parent of the deceased, and one or more full siblings of the deceased. We can also perform the test if we have two full siblings of the deceased, the mother, and the child. For circumstances other than these, please contact your account manager Do not test half-siblings of the deceased or an untested alleged father since they will not share enough common DNA with the child Generally speaking, biological-relationship testing such as genetic reconstruction and siblingship testing is not as definitive as DNA parentage testing. It is not possible to determine with absolute certainty whether two people are siblings or biologically related in some way other than the parent-child relationship Results show a Combined Relatedness Index, a statistical value showing the genetic odds in favor of the relationship, and a Probability of Relatedness If the laboratory determines the results are inconclusive, they may suggest testing additional relatives. Future testing requires additional costs, so please contact your account manager with questions about pricing

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Relationship Twin Zygosity Test

A twin zygosity test is a DNA test that definitively shows whether twins are identical or fraternal. When twins are born, the physician usually is able to tell whether they are identical or fraternal by examining the placenta. However, sometimes records can be lost, the placenta might have been discarded or damaged before twin zygosity was determined, or doubt may arise because of the twins’ physical characteristics. In such cases, only a DNA test can reveal the truth. A twin zygosity test compares the twins’ DNA profiles to see whether they match—an exact match proves the twins are identical. WHO NEEDS TO BE TESTED? TURNAROUND TIME Two (2) business days from receipt of all samples Chain-of-Custody Requirements Chain-of-custody requirements must be fulfilled for test results to be defensible in any legal situation, such as inheritance disputes. These requirements include the following: Samples are collected by a neutral third party, such as a clinic or laboratory The individuals tested are positively identified (i.e., they present a government-issued ID to be photocopied and/or they are photographed and fingerprinted) A standard DNA kit is used Each party completes and signs a Client Identification and Consent Form Guardianship of tested minor must be verified at the time of signing consent The kit may not be in the possession of the clients prior to or after being collected Non-Chain-of-Custody Requirements In most cases, twin zygosity testing is used for personal knowledge only. In a non-chain-of-custody test, samples are collected by the patients themselves. Results of this test are for personal knowledge only and may not be used for legal purposes. An in-home kit is used, and buccal samples can be collected by the patients themselves at a time and place of their choosing Since the origin of the samples cannot be verified, names are listed on the report in the same way they are labeled on the samples A unique barcode is assigned to each kit and appears on the report as a reference for the case Barcoded kits are assigned to your account for easy reference Notes The results of a twin zygosity test may be used to satisfy personal curiosity as well as to help solve health problems for the twins later down the road. For example, in the event that a twin needs an organ- or tissue-transplant donor, the identical twin is a perfect choice Identical twins come from one fertilized egg called a zygote. The zygote, which usually develops into one child, grows and splits early in development to form two embryos—identical twins. Because the twins come from one egg and one sperm, they have exactly the same DNA Fraternal twins, develop when there are two different eggs in the mother’s womb that are fertilized by two different sperm. Fraternal twins will not have exactly the same DNA, although like other siblings, they can be expected to share some of the DNA they inherit from both parents

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Relationship Twin Zygosity Test

What needs to be tested? Clients receive a typing report that lists their allele sizes at each DNA locus. Clients may use these services for several purposes: Undergarment or another personal item Buccal swab reference sample TURNAROUND TIME 10 Days Non-Chain-of-Custody Requirements In a non-chain-of-custody situation, samples are collected by the patients themselves. Results of testing on the DNA samples are for personal reasons only and may not be used for legal purposes Personal Item(s) should be sent in a paper bag. The use of a plastic bag could lead to mold growth, which degrades DNA. Sample should be marked in the areas that need to be tested Items will be cut and processed in the laboratory. If returned to customers, they should be notified that they will not be returned in the original condition. Standard Detection This test detects whether a standard DNA profile is present Results indicate whether there is enough useable DNA for a comparison to a reference sample (buccal swab) This test should be selected if looking for any DNA, male and/or female This test does not include the comparison of the DNA Profile to the reference sample (See DNA Comparison Test) Y Chromosome Detection This test detects whether male DNA is present and will not detect any female DNA Results indicate whether there is enough useable male DNA for a comparison to a reference sample (buccal swab) We may not be able to distinguish the male DNA from those of other male biological relatives (brothers, fathers, grandfathers, uncles or male cousins). YSTR profiles are identical in males of the same paternal lineage. This test does not include the comparison of the DNA Profile to the reference sample (See DNA Comparison Test)

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